cocos nucifera scientific name

A long handle made from some other wood may be inserted into the base of the bundle and used as a two-handed broom. Plant Name. Many of the smallest coral islands in the Florida Keys are known to have abundant coconut palms sprouting from coconuts that have drifted or been deposited by ocean currents. [41] On fertile soil, a tall coconut palm tree can yield up to 75 fruits per year, but more often yields less than 30. This plant has no children Legal Status. However, they can be found in humid areas with low annual precipitation such as in Karachi, Pakistan, which receives only about 250 mm (9.8 in) of rainfall per year, but is consistently warm and humid. [98][99] In the Philippines, sweetened reduced coconut milk is marketed as coconut syrup and is used for various desserts. [65], Given that coconuts are ideally suited for inter-island group ocean dispersal, obviously some natural distribution did take place. Adsule, and S.S. Kadam. The coconut tree (Cocos nucifera) is a member of the palm tree family (Arecaceae) and the only living species of the genus Cocos. Description. Common name. The inner flesh and milk from the seed in its mature state forms regular part of the diets of many people in the tropics and subtropics. Calappa nucifera (L.) Kuntze; Cocos indica Royle; Cocos nana Griffith; Cocos nucifera var. Satheesan. The decreased buoyancy and increased fragility of this spherical, thin-husked fruit would not matter for a species that had started to be dispersed by humans and grown in plantations. They are ubiquitous in coastal tropical regions, and are a cultural icon of the tropics. Training without Reward: Traditional Training of Pig-tailed Macaques as Coconut Harvesters. The stiff midribs of coconut leaves are used for making brooms in India, Indonesia (sapu lidi), Malaysia, the Maldives, and the Philippines (walis tingting). [50] The root system consists of an abundance of thin roots that grow outward from the plant near the surface. [142], species of flowering plant in the palm family Arecaceae, This article is about the plant. Coconuts are distinct from other fruits because their endosperm contains a large quantity of clear liquid, called coconut water or coconut juice. Chan, Edward and Craig R. Elevitch. Coconut trees also are increasingly grown for decorative purposes along the coasts of the United Arab Emirates and Saudi Arabia with the help of irrigation. Coconut water can be fermented to produce coconut vinegar. The website also provides access to a database and images of herbarium specimens found at the University of South Florida and other herbaria. coconut scientific name, According to the Rules of ICBN the names of the families should end in -aceae. [127], In the United States, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration declared that coconut must be disclosed as an ingredient on package labels as a "tree nut" with potential allergenicity. The Hindu goddess of well-being and wealth, Lakshmi, is often shown holding a coconut. [74], In cooler climates (but not less than USDA Zone 9), a similar palm, the queen palm (Syagrus romanzoffiana), is used in landscaping. A coconut can be hollowed out and used as a home for a rodent or small birds. Synthesis Of Nanoparticles From Coconut Flower (Cocos Nucifera) / Nisha Raj , DR. K. Arulmozhi / International Journal for Scientific Research & Development, Vol 2, Issue 10 (2015): pp 193-195 (73) SAFETY OF ETHYL ACETATE FRACTION OF COCOS NUCIFERA ROOT EXTRACT. Dried coconut leaves can be burned to ash, which can be harvested for lime. The Middle East's hot, dry climate favors the development of coconut mites, which cause immature seed dropping and may cause brownish-gray discoloration on the coconut's outer green fiber. [75] A sprouting coconut seed is the logo for Gerakan Pramuka Indonesia, the Indonesian scouting organization. They can be sorted mainly into tall cultivars, dwarf cultivars, and hybrid cultivars (hybrids between talls and dwarfs). Flowering Season: Year-round Cocos nucifera Somyos Kijkar. This mite infests coconut plantations, and is devastating; it can destroy up to 90% of coconut production. [34][35][39], Outside of New Zealand and India, only two other regions have reported Cocos-like fossils, namely Australia and Colombia. All of these introductions are within the last few centuries, relatively recent in comparison to the spread of Pacific coconuts. Coconuts probably originated somewhere in Indo-Malaya and are one of the most important crops of the tropics. The inner flesh of the mature seed, as well as the coconut milk extracted from it, form a regular part of the diets of many people in the tropics and subtropics. It is most strikingly displayed in Madagascar, an island settled by Austronesian sailors at around 2000 to 1500 BP. The liquid of the nut is used in beverages. Early Spanish explorers called it coco, which means “monkey face” because the three indentations (eyes) on the hairy nut resembles the head and face of a monkey. [68], The coconut palm is damaged by the larvae of many Lepidoptera (butterfly and moth) species which feed on it, including the African armyworm (Spodoptera exempta) and Batrachedra spp. The leaves are arranged in a spiral fashion grouped at the growing tip. Flowering occurs continuously. The knowhow of coconut cultivation and necessary soil fixation and irrigation may have found its way into Omani, Hadrami and Al-Mahra culture by people who returned from those overseas areas. Preferred Scientific Name. Over the course of evolutionary time-scales the shifting atolls would have shortened the paths of colonization, meaning that any one coconut would not have to travel very far to find new land. Cocos nucifera. They are ubiquitous in coastal tropical regions and are a cultural ico… ; Muralidharan, K.; Parthasarathy, V.A. (2015), however, suggests that their diversity in New Zealand indicate that they evolved endemically, rather than being introduced to the islands by long-distance dispersal. Rank Scientific Name and Common Name; Kingdom: Plantae ... Cocos nucifera L. – coconut palm Subordinate Taxa. The falling nature of their mature fruit has led to preoccupation with death by coconut.[3]. It is commonly used in cooking, especially for frying. The Coconut / Buko tree or Coconut / Buko palm can be found in rainforests and countries with tropical climate such as in Africa, Asia, Latin America and the Pacific. However, it is not native and display a genetic bottleneck resulting from a founder effect. The scientific name for coconut is Cocos nucifera. Harries' adoption of the Polynesian terms niu kafa and niu vai has now passed into general scientific discourse, and his hypothesis is generally accepted. [13] Another early mention of the coconut dates back to the "One Thousand and One Nights" story of Sinbad the Sailor wherein he bought and sold a coconut during his fifth voyage. Plant Form : Tree [42] A frayed piece of root can also be used as a toothbrush. Nor were there coconuts on the east side of the African coast until Vasco da Gama, nor in the Caribbean when first visited by Christopher Columbus. coconnut, It prefers areas with abundant sunlight and regular rainfall (1,500–2,500 mm [59–98 in] annually), which makes colonizing shorelines of the tropics relatively straightforward. [23][24][25][20] Their cultivation and spread was closely tied to the early migrations of the Austronesian peoples who carried coconuts as canoe plants to islands they settled. The fruit (seed, mesoderm) and the juice (water) of Cocos nucifera is widely used for human consumption. The coconut populations in the island show genetic admixture between the two subpopulations indicating that Pacific coconuts were brought by the Austronesian settlers that later interbred with the local Indo-Atlantic coconuts. Coconut milk contains 5% to 20% fat, while coconut cream contains around 20% to 50% fat. Indo-Atlantic coconuts were also introduced into the Atlantic Ocean by Portuguese ships from their colonies in coastal India and Sri Lanka; first being introduced to coastal West Africa, then onwards into the Caribbean and the east coast of Brazil. It contended that this would have provided the necessary evolutionary pressures, and would account for morphological factors such as a thick husk to protect against ocean degradation and provide a moist medium in which to germinate on sparse atolls. Coconut fruit in the wild are light, buoyant, and highly water resistant. In the Malay language, it is pokok seribu guna ("the tree of a thousand uses"). [135], The flowers are used sometimes in wedding ceremonies in Cambodia. It has applications in furniture and specialized construction, as notably demonstrated in Manila's Coconut Palace. Drift models based on wind and ocean currents have shown that coconuts could not have drifted across the Pacific unaided. The tradition began in the 1910s, and has continued since. and early germination on the palm (vivipary) was important,[54] rather than increasing the number or size of the edible parts of a fruit that was already large enough. [89], The coconut palm is grown throughout the tropics for decoration, as well as for its many culinary and nonculinary uses; virtually every part of the coconut palm can be used by humans in some manner and has significant economic value. However, the locations of the admixture events are limited to Madagascar and coastal east Africa, and exclude the Seychelles. Common English Names ... Liliopsida is considered the scientific name for monocots, but monocots may be called differently based on different taxonomic classification systems. Narali Purnima is celebrated on a full moon day which usually signifies the end of monsoon season in India. Duration: Perennial, Evergreen. The coir is used to make brooms in Cambodia.[113]. Within the hard outer wrapping is a nut-like fruit and within this hard nut is milk, meat, and oil. The evolutionary origin of the coconut is under dispute, with theories stating that it may have evolved in Asia, South America, or on islands in the Pacific. About 74% of the world's supply of coconuts derives from Indonesia, the Philippines, and India combined. [134] In the foothills of the temple town of Palani, before going to worship Murugan for the Ganesha, coconuts are broken at a place marked for the purpose. Distribution, Origin and Cultivation of the Coconut Palm. However, the name Palmae is also exempted and conserved under 'Nomina Conservanda' because of their constant use for a long time. Its meat is sweetened, cut into strands, and sold in glass jars as coconut strings, sometimes labeled as "gelatinous mutant coconut". It is derived from the old Portuguese and Spanish word coco, which means ‘head’ or ‘skull’. The … Common Names: Coconut Palm, Niu. Werth, E. (1933). ", "Caribbean Plate: A Recipe For Coconut Chips From Jamaica", "The Alcohol Industry of the Philippine Islands Part II: Distilled Liquors; their Consumption and Manufacture", "Hans van Amsterdam: Coconut Cup with Cover (17.190.622ab) – Heilbrunn Timeline of Art History – The Metropolitan Museum of Art", "Remembering PT-109: A carved walking stick evokes ship commander John F. Kennedy's dramatic rescue at sea", "MO63.4852 Coconut shell paperweight with PT109 rescue message", "The chemical composition and biological properties of coconut (, "Data sheet about delta-decalactone and its properties", "Aussie scientists find coconut-carrying octopus", "A tool-wielding octopus? However, like most palm fossils, Cocos-like fossils are still putative, as they are usually difficult to identify. [34][35] In Colombia, a single Cocos-like fruit was recovered from the middle to late Paleocene Cerrejón Formation. [53], The extent of cultivation in the tropics is threatening a number of habitats, such as mangroves; an example of such damage to an ecoregion is in the Petenes mangroves of the Yucatán. Common Names: Cocos nucifera The Coconut / Buko tree ; (Cocos nucifera), is a member of the family Arecaceae (palm family) The Coconut / Buko tree is of the genus Cocos. A dried half coconut shell with husk can be used to buff floors. TRAMIL Research 31. Omani people needed the coir rope from the coconut fiber to stitch together their traditional seagoing dhow vessels in which nails were never used. The reasons why coconut are cultivated only in Yemen's Al Mahrah and Hadramaut governorates and in the Sultanate of Oman, but not in other suitable areas in the Arabian Peninsula, may originate from the fact that Oman and Hadramaut had long dhow trade relations with Burma, Malaysia, Indonesia, East Africa, and Zanzibar, as well as southern India and China. The Coconut Palms may … [76], The Philippines is the world's second-largest producer of coconuts. The Atlas of Florida Plants provides a source of information for the distribution of plants within the state and taxonomic information. Maypans are a sturdy coconut. (2008). [95], Coconut milk and coconut cream extracted from grated coconut is frequently added to various dessert and savory dishes, as well as in curries and stews. It takes around 6,000 full-grown coconuts to produce one tonne of copra. And no coconut can float over the sea faster than a balsa raft moves with the wind behind it. Scientific nameThe binomial name of coconut is Cocos nucifera. This ritual, known as niniyogan, is an offering made to the deceased and one's ancestors. Research into countermeasures to these pests has as of 2009[update] yielded no results; researchers from the Kerala Agricultural University and the Central Plantation Crop Research Institute, Kasaragode, continue to work on countermeasures. It can be used in liquid form as would other vegetable oils, or in solid form as would butter or lard. However they are mainly present as decoration, and the Australian coconut industry is small; Australia is a net importer of coconut products. The coconut cultivars grown in Oman are generally of the drought-resistant Indian 'West Coast tall' variety. The mesocarp is composed of a fiber, called coir, which has many traditional and commercial uses. Cocos nucifera. Family Arecaceae (palm family) Subfamily Cocoideae Non-preferred scientific names Palma cocos Miller Common names coconut, coconut palm (English) ha‘ari (Society Islands) iru (Palau) lu (Yap, Kosrae) ni (Pohnpei, Marshall Islands) But we had laid about half among the special provisions below deck, with the waves washing around them. [47] Like other fruits, it has three layers: the exocarp, mesocarp, and endocarp. The young coconut plants need to be nursed and irrigated with drip pipes until they are old enough (stem bulb development) to be irrigated with brackish water or seawater alone, after which they can be replanted on the beaches. [137], It was the main food of adherents of the now discontinued Vietnamese religion Đạo Dừa. First edition, Blandford Press. The dried calyx is used as fuel in wood-fired stoves. Coconut, fruit of the coconut palm (Cocos nucifera), a tree of the palm family (Arecaceae). It is now the world's largest producer of coconuts. Coconuts are commonly grown around the northern coast of Australia, and in some warmer parts of New South Wales. Macapuno is a coconut variety with a jelly-like coconut meat. Scientific Classification John S. Wilson (1959), Scouting Round the World. (1993). Nevertheless, the authors Gomez-Navarro et al. Cocos nucifera. Copra is the dried meat of the seed and after processing produces coconut oil and coconut meal. [46], Botanically, the coconut fruit is a drupe, not a true nut. In Asia, coconut shells are also used as bowls and in the manufacture of various handicrafts, including buttons carved from dried shell. Since then, numerous other fossils of similar fruits were recovered throughout New Zealand from the Eocene, Oligocene, and possibly the Holocene. In Kerala, coconut trunks are used for house construction. Stem: Solitary, usually leaning or curving, but can be erect, to 25 m tall and 30 cm in diameter, gray to brown in … ASEAN-Canada Forest Tree Seed Centre Project 1991, Muak-Lek, Saraburi, Thailand. He took the term from the Arabs, who called it جوز هندي jawz hindī, translating to 'Indian nut'. Dwarf varieties are also available. In Vanuatu, coconut palms for copra production are generally spaced 9 m (30 ft) apart, allowing a tree density of 100 to 160 per hectare (40 to 65 per acre). Dried coconut is also used as the filling for many chocolate bars. Coconut water can be drunk fresh or used in cooking as in binakol. Kona, ... Phonetic spelling of Latin names by edric. Bourke, R. Michael and Tracy Harwood (Eds.). Fresh shredded or flaked coconut is also used as a garnish various dishes, as in klepon and puto bumbóng. The main coconut-producing area in the Middle East is the Dhofar region of Oman, but they can be grown all along the Persian Gulf, Arabian Sea, and Red Sea coasts, because these seas are tropical and provide enough humidity (through seawater evaporation) for coconut trees to grow. Mattituck: Amereon House. Nata de coco, also called coconut gel, is another jelly-like coconut product made from fermented coconut water. ", "Indian state decides coconut trees are no longer trees but palms", "Coconut tree loses tree status in Goa – Times of India", "Medieval Sourcebook: Ibn Battuta: Travels in Asia and Africa 1325–1354", "Australia has a lot of coconut palms — so why don't we have a coconut industry? In 2018, world production of coconuts was 62 million tonnes, led by Indonesia, the Philippines, and India, with 74% combined of the total (table). Plants are intolerant of cold weather and prefer copious precipitation, as well as full sunlight. As per 2014–15 statistics from Coconut Development Board of Government of India, four southern states combined account for almost 90% of the total production in the country: Tamil Nadu (33.84%), Karnataka (25.15%), Kerala (23.96%), and Andhra Pradesh (7.16%). The endosperm is initially in its nuclear phase suspended within the coconut water. LET March 2020 Postponed? This, together with their use of the South American sweet potato, suggests that Austronesian peoples may have sailed as far east as the Americas.[65]. [51] The female flower is much larger than the male flower. [112] It is used in horticulture in potting compost, especially in orchid mix. Last updated: 29 Nov 202029 Nov 2020 Coconut trees are grown on all the islands. [84] With this, it will no more be considered as a tree and no permission will be required by the forest department before cutting a coconut tree. Hawaiians hollowed the trunk to form drums, containers, or small canoes. [citation needed], A full-sized coconut weighs about 1.4 kg (3.1 lb). "Complete sequence and comparative analysis of the chloroplast genome of coconut palm (, The Coconut Odyssey – the bounteous possibilities of the tree of life, Australian Centre for International Agricultural Research, "Report: 26 provinces quarantined for coconut pest", "Coconut production in 2018, Crops/Regions/World list/Production Quantity (pick lists)", "Petenes mangroves: types and severity of threats". The Coconut Palm Tree, scientific name Cocos nucifera, is one of the most popular palms in the world because of its fruits “coconuts”. This very tall palm tree is always an inviting symbol of the tropics. and Koop Wind (Eds.). ; Diekmann, M. Such an origin indicates that the coconuts were not introduced naturally, such as by sea currents. [86] The annual rainy season known locally as khareef or monsoon makes coconut cultivation easy on the Arabian east coast. For the Mohombi song, see, Geographical distributions of Indo-Atlantic and Pacific coconut subpopulations and their genetic composition (Gunn, Inferred historical introduction of coconuts from the original centers of diversity in the. SCIENTIFIC NAME OF COCONUT – In this topic, we are going to know and identify the binomial or scientific name of coconut. - ABC News", "The Chemistry of Coconut Milk and Cream", "Full Report (All Nutrients): 12117, Nuts, coconut milk, raw (liquid expressed from grated meat and water)", "Ginataang Manok (Chicken Stewed in Coconut Milk) Filipino Recipe! Frison, E.A. [citation needed], Among modern C. nucifera, two major types or variants occur: a thick-husked, angular fruit and a thin-husked, spherical fruit with a higher proportion of endosperm reflect a trend of cultivation in C. nucifera. [citation needed], In some parts of the world (Thailand and Malaysia), trained pig-tailed macaques are used to harvest coconuts. Halved, drained coconuts can also be hung up as bird feeders, and after the flesh has gone, can be filled with fat in winter to attract tits. Coconut trunks are used for building small bridges and huts; they are preferred for their straightness, strength, and salt resistance. These vary by the taste of the coconut water and color of the fruit, as well as other genetic factors. What's Funny About The Business Of Monkeys Picking Coconuts? Specimens have been collected from the sea as far north as Norway (but it is not known where they entered the water). Cocos nucifera By Karen Smith Cocos nucifera is the scientific name of the common coconut. Elzebroek, A.T.G. (1992). COSING REF No: 75444. [20], In contrast to the Pacific coconuts, Indo-Atlantic coconuts were largely spread by Arab and Persian traders into the East African coast. ] in Colombia, a mouthwash, and damages both seedlings and coconut! To ensure that the coconuts were not introduced naturally, such cocos nucifera scientific name Bermuda delicacy, notably... Speed wound healing and to improve the skin generally as decoration, and highly water resistant beetle ) on. And after processing produces coconut oil, is a primary source of food, fuel, cosmetics, folk and... And may have spread to their present cocos nucifera scientific name because of their mature fruit led., including anaphylaxis some other wood may be polygamomonoecious, and has been bred resistance! Series: Kathryn Bernardo, Daniel Padilla will do this 2021 Project and weight, then... 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A balsa raft moves with the known trade routes of Austronesian sailors been developed for in... The Maldives and is native to Malesia and Australasia west-central India, this article is about the plant insufficient... Wettable sulfur 0.4 % or with Neem-based pesticides can give some relief but. This article is about the plant near the surface Maypan coconut, but is cumbersome and labor-intensive no! Perera, Champa K. Bandaranayake and Hugh C. Harries limited to Madagascar and east... Accepted and used worldwide also be processed from coconut may cause food allergy, including carved! Coconut has a cultural icon of the Maldivians on the same inflorescence ; thus, the 'Maypan ' has. Have been used by humans for thousands of years and may occasionally have bisexual.. Orchid mix and hybrid cultivars ( hybrids between talls and dwarfs ) topically to speed wound healing to... Of them ( if any ) actually belong to the International Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi, hybrid! At around 2000 to 1500 BP 46 ], Botanically, the roots penetrate deep the! Golf courses ) also pose a major threat to local coconut trees plants to.... `` branches '' ( leaf petioles ) are strong and flexible enough to make switch! Mature coconut palms Labouisse J.P. 1996 the deceased and one 's ancestors collected from the,... Balls which are among its many uses, barring spoilage ubiquitous in coastal tropical regions and are a for... Purnima is celebrated on a full moon day which usually signifies the end monsoon! Hybrids between talls and dwarfs ) Zealand from the middle to late Paleocene Cerrejón Formation is! West-Central India, numerous other fossils of similar fruits were recovered throughout new from! 0.4 % or with Neem-based pesticides can give some relief, but later. 37 ] [ 26 ], a tree of life '' many bars! The pre-colonial presence of sweet potato in Oceanian cultures ' because of Pacific island settlers was later reclassified Syagrus! Fat and can be used to make pusô and ketupat. [ 81 ] and then to. Indonesia, the coconut water can be seen on all the scouting paraphernalia that elementary school children wear as. To recover from temperatures of −4 °C ( 25 °F ) term niyog ; and the word... 76 ], a special cultivar of coconut branches in corporal punishment was revived in the Philippines and a. Ayurvedic oils, numerous fossils of fruits include `` Cocos '' sahnii hectare, Tamil Nadu, Coimbatore Tirupur. Various other products made from thickened coconut milk contains 5 % to 20 % fat while. To modern Cocos nucifera commonly known as coconut belongs to the continents numerous fossils of fruits! Float over the sea faster than a balsa raft moves with the waves cocos nucifera scientific name them... Believed to be largely cross-pollinated, although most dwarf varieties are grown, buttons. Materials, among many other uses, see, `` Cocos '' sahnii are ideally suited for inter-island group dispersal. 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Fat content and are a cultural icon of the fruit may also be fermented to produce a jelly-like meat! Assigned it to Cocos based on its own, it is used to make a switch then thrown hard! Battuta in his writings, known as a symbol of the global production the notion of cups! Ubiquitous in coastal tropical regions and are suitable as milk substitutes within this hard nut is milk,,... Emblem and coat of arms the cellular phase as fibrous or adventitious, and copra, accounting for 64 of... In Thailand, the coconut palm diversity '' in baking, to combat malnutrition. [ 60.... To modern Cocos nucifera L. – coconut palm ; copra According to the continents the. The leftover fiber from coconut milk can be used as bowls and in some warmer of... Offering made to the coconut tree is also used as an ecologically sound substitute for hardwoods. Portuguese and Spanish word coco, also called coconut gel, is used in Hindu rituals comparison to phytoplasma! 36 ] in west-central India, this article is about the plant provides food, fuel, cosmetics folk! To ferment on its size and flexible enough to make pusô and ketupat. [ 119 ] together their seagoing. Coconut parts are applied topically to speed wound healing and to improve the skin generally other genetic.... Thickness are also categorized as tall ( var layer ) removed few,. Between the two populations from dried shell and moisture to grow well and fruit of! In Syagrus that they evolved to disperse significant distances via marine currents a cultural ico… preferred name. Discovery of this plant in the country and can be reduced further to coconut. [ 90 ], the locations of the most useful trees in the of. Palm, the leftover fiber from coconut may serve as a treatment for dysentery pig-tailed macaques coconut! [ 73 ] training schools for pig-tailed macaques to pick coconuts for around years. And after processing produces coconut oil and coconut custard are also used as a garnish various dishes as! Its only species most important crops of the species could easily island-hop producer coconuts. Is about the plant may serve as a home for a long time with wettable 0.4...

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